Using Trichoderma Species for Biological Control of Plant Pathogens in Viet Nam

نویسنده

  • Tran N. Ha
چکیده

Trichoderma spp. are fungi that occur worldwide. Recent studies show that they are not only parasites of fungal plant pathogens but also can produce antibiotics. In addition, certain strains can induce systemic and localized resistance to several plant pathogens. Moreover, some strains may enhance plant growth and development. The potential of Trichoderma species used as biological agents of plant diseases have been known since the 1930s, however these were introduced in Vietnam about two decades. Surveys conducted on food crops, industrial crops, vegetable crops and fruit crops in the north and south of Vietnam indicate that Trichoderma are common and can be isolated easily from soil, root and plant organic matters. Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum were predominant species in Viet Nam. Laboratory and field trials in Viet Nam also proved that Trichoderma species had ability to suppress growth of fungal plant pathogens and enhance plant growth and development. Experiments conducted on several crops such as: peanut, tomato, cucumber and durian indicate that selected Trichoderma strains could reduce significant diseases caused by fungal pathogens including: Phytophthora palmivora, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp., Sclerotium rolfsii and Pythium spp. The efficacy of Trichoderma species on soil borne fungal disease is higher than fungicides and maintain longer. The value obtained through development, exploitation and use of Trichoderma products are not only plant disease control but also gave the local people opportunities to reduce health risks, costs and environmental damage due to over fungicide usages. Moreover, crop treated with Trichoderma grown better and had higher yields to compare with the one without application. There have been extensive efforts to commercial Trichoderma products for managing plant diseases in the field in Viet Nam. Trichoderma products have been developed by several companies, institutes and universities such as: BIMA, Trico-ĐHCT, Promot Plus WP, Vi – ĐK, NLU-Tri, Bio – Humaxin Sen Vang and Fulhumaxin are available commercially now. Trichoderma product can be used in many ways including: seed treatment, applied direct to the soil before planting and added to organic fertilizers.

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تاریخ انتشار 2010